Gambling is betting something of value, such as money or possessions, on an event that is based on chance with the intention of winning or gaining something else of value. It is considered a recreational activity in most countries, but is not always legal and it can be dangerous for people with mental health problems. Some types of gambling are more risky than others, such as placing a bet or buying lottery tickets, but all gambling involves some element of chance and the possibility of losing money or other possessions.
Historically, there have been a wide range of beliefs about gambling. These have included the idea that it is a recreational pastime, a sign of impaired mathematical abilities, or a manifestation of mental illness or moral turpitude. More recently, it has been suggested that gambling is a form of addiction and should be treated as a psychiatric disorder. These ideas have been reflected and influenced by changes in clinical understanding of pathological gambling, which was classified as an addictive disorder in the previous editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
The term “gambling” also refers to games that involve skills that can improve chances of winning, such as card playing strategies or horse racing knowledge. These activities can be considered a combination of skill and chance, but even the most proficient gamblers will lose some of the time.
A common assumption is that the chance of winning a game of chance depends on how much money is staked, but this is not necessarily true. The amount of money staked does not correlate with the probability of a win or loss; it only increases or decreases the chances of winning by an unknown proportion.
Research shows that there are a number of factors that increase the likelihood of someone suffering from a gambling problem, including poor financial and emotional wellbeing, a family history of gambling disorder or other forms of addiction, and mental health problems. These include anxiety and depression, as well as an inability to cope with distressing events. There is also a link between gambling and thoughts of suicide.
For many people, gambling is an enjoyable pastime that can be enjoyed with friends and family or as part of a social group. For others, it becomes an all-consuming activity that can lead to serious consequences. In these circumstances, it can be helpful to seek support and advice.
All types of gambling come with risks, but if you or someone you know is struggling, help is available. Find out more about how to change your behaviour, speak to a friend or family member about their gambling habits or find a local support centre.